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Power stations on the mineral fuel

Mineral fuel- coal, oil products, peat, gas. Principle of their work is well-known. Water warm up in the big boiler and received steam is sended with big pressure to the turbines, which turn generators and get electricity. Least of all we know about atomic stations work. Thats' why we shall speak about this power stations, which work with Uran(U). First atomic reactor was built in 1942 in USA (E.Ferme). First european atomic reactor was built in USSR (1946, I.V.Kurchatov). First working atomic station was made in our country (Obninsk) in 27.06.1954. It'spower was 5000 kWt*h.

Fundamental schemes of atomic energetical machines.

Energy is made in atomic reactor with the help of chain reactions (²³⁵U). 1 kilo of U gives us so much energy, how we can get from 3 millions kilo coal. But there are many negative factors. Lets watch the principle schemes of working.

The pressure in the first contour is very big. Thats' why the active zone of water reactor we must put on the firm frame (good metal). Thats why all water reactors (WWR) allways have framed type.

On that illustration we can watch the scheme of arrangement APS with water reactor on the warm neutrons.

Water reactors on the warm neutrons are very widespread in the APS (Russia, USA, FRG and etc.).

Other widespread in Russia type of energetical atomic reactors on the warm neutrons are uran-graphite reactor, were graphite is the reducer and has channel construction. Active zone of this reactor can side graphite laying with the vertical channels. There are many detaching cassetes in that channels.

Scheme of APS with channel uran-graphite reactor on the warm neutrons distinguish from the scheme of APS with water reactor. It's the one contour scheme. Warmcarrier-water goes across the technological channels of reactors and warm up to the big temperature. Reactors with evaporating watercarrier are named boiled.

Watersteam goes to the separator for division on the steam and water. Dry steam goes to the turbine. Water from the condensator goes to reactor, firstly warning.

Fourty years ago with the help of nuclear energy people wanted save the Earth. Now we must save our world from the nuclear energy. Big money were spended on the building of 400 APS. Firstly people thought that the nuclear energy would be very cheap and reliable. But it is very expensive and dangerous energy. Nuclear energy gives only 1/20 of the world energy and gives great problems. Nobody knows what must we do with nuclear departures and with stations after their closing. We leave this problem to our sons. Only one Chernobil gives us so many problems. Now many scientists say that such accidents can take place on many other stations.

Some political people call for nuclear energy but it can give us mountains of radioactive departures. We can see it from nuclear-fuel cycle.